The Workbench

September 11th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
The Workbench

The Workbench

I finally got my workbench set up a the new place.  Total cost: $10 (for an IKEA countertop from the AS-IS department—the only reason we go to IKEA)  The workbench superstructure is recycled from the crate in which they moved our china cabinet.  Now it’s time to sort through the junk box(es)!  I’d like to pick up some more test equipment, but I’m (clearly) out of space for that at this time.

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sakhalin turns 10

July 25th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
Sakhalin

Sakhalin

We moved recently, hence the lack of posting to the site (the pending completion of my degree and preparations for employment have contributed to that, as well).  Among the moving dust, I discovered the invoice for the desktop computer that I bought when I started college.  It was dated 7/20/1999, ten years ago this past Monday.  The price was $2,283.29.

What did that princely sum include?

  • 17-inch CRT monitor
  • Pentium-III 500 MHz CPU (1)
  • Dual-CPU capable motherboard
  • 256 MB of PC100 SDRAM
  • Western Digital 20.4-gB hard drive
  • ATI Rage Xpert 128 16 MB video card
  • Adaptec 2940U2W Ultra-Wide SCSI card
  • Iomega Zip drive
  • SCSI CD-ROM
  • 3Com 3C900 Ethernet card
  • Microsoft Windows NT 4.0
  • Microsoft Office 2000 Small Business

If I was going to spend that much again, I would have done it slightly differently, ditching the expensive SCSI hardware that I never ended up exploiting and buying the second CPU right away.  But, this was a great machine—I was probably the first student with 256 MB of RAM, certainly no one else on my dorm floor had it.

Windows NT never quite worked right with everything.  But, then again, neither did Linux.  The ATI Rage Xpert 128 was not supported in X for at least six months after I bought the system.  Linux was less of a pain than Windows and so, I operated from the console for my first two quarters of undergrad.  People often ask how I learned Linux.  You learn fast when you have no option but the command line.

This computer was the beginning of a tradition: naming computers after islands.  I named it ‘sakhalin.’  I asked for a static IP address and received the DNS entry sakhalin.onu.edu (which at the time pointed to 140.228.23.4).  This was the first of many islands:  mauritius.onu.edu (the Radio Free Maglott/Radio Free Roberts server), roatan.onu.edu (a 486 that I ran FreeBSD on for kicks), curacao.onu.edu (another 486 that ran Linux), palau.onu.edu (the special projects machine), tahiti.onu.edu (my iBook).  Those machines have all since past.  Although, I still have crete (my secondary web server), vieques (my MacBook), formosa (home Linux machine), and of course, sakhalin.

Over the years, I upgraded sakhalin to two Pentium-III 500 MHz CPUs.  (I actually bought the CPU via an eBay auction using Lynx—a fun piece of trivia.) The power supply needed an upgrade at this time, too.  I also added 512 MB of RAM and a SCSI CD-RW drive.  The Ethernet card is now an Intel EEPro 100Mbit/s card and the video card is an ATI Radeon with 64 MB of RAM.  I replaced the monitor with a 19-inch Dell Trinitron, which is beautiful.

And then, there is software.  sakhalin has run every GNU/Linux major kernel version since 2.0.36: 2.0.x, 2.2.x, 2.4.x, and 2.6.x.  It has run at least four different distributions:  RedHat, SuSE, Gentoo, and Xubuntu.  It has also run Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, and it is currently running Windows XP.

sakhalin has been a good and reliable performer, although I get the occasional unknown error message.  It has recently moved to replace the Pentium 166 that I had been using to manage my contest station.  I’m looking forward to many more years of faithful service…

» Read more: sakhalin turns 10

PJ2/K8GU (a long-delayed echo)

May 19th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
PJ2/K8GU

PJ2/K8GU

So, those of you with whom I’ve spoken at length recently know this story and it’s a few months late. But, I found it on my computer tonight, even though I wrote it on the plane from CUR to MIA.

One of my first exciting memories of ham radio is sitting in the corner of my parents’ living room with a HeathKit SB-303 receiver borrowed from a family friend, Doran, N8ZYJ (SK, who was, coincidentally, the father of Dave, W9GR), listening to DX on 20 meter SSB. The first DX station I clearly remember hearing was PJ9JT and he had a tremendous signal. Fast forward fifteen years later: through my graduate research and the generosity of Geoff, W0CG/PJ2DX, I recently had the good fortune to spend a few hours at the latest incarnation of PJ9JT, the world-renowned PJ2T.

On the way from the airport, Geoff gives me the synopsis of the PJ9JT/PJ2T story: W1BIH visited Curacao and operated from a hotel on the northwest part of the island. The experience blew him away. He came back with some friends and they won a couple of contests with wires and a small tribander. Convinced that there was something special about the location, he built two houses right next to the hotel and set up PJ9JT in one of them. Geoff agrees that the place is special, to which I reply, “It’s the equatorial [ionization] anomaly.” “Exactly,” he says. Curacao is on the poleward edge of the northern crest of the anamolies, which are enhancements in electron density north and south of the geomagnetic equator.

Geoff adds, “We believe that more QSOs have been from the Signal Point QTH than any other single QTH in the world. This has certainly been the case over the past few years in which PJ2T has been the most-worked callsign in contesting.”

It’s easy to understand why. Geoff offers to let me play radio. “Well, if you don’t have anything else for me to do, sure.” He tells me it’s really important for shakedown since a group of guys is coming for WPX tomorrow—as
if I really need convincing. “Believe it or not, ” he tells me, “there are some hams who don’t want to operate the station when they visit.” What’s wrong with them?! I’m not the most proficient pile-up operator in the world; but, it was a good time. In about three and a half hours goofing around on 20, 40, and 80 meters CW, I added around 400 QSOs to that grand total…and, I don’t even know what I’m doing!

One of the great things about running a pile-up from the other end is understanding what makes callers easier to copy. The pile-up is a rumble of callers and you’re lucky to pull a few characters out of a call unless someone is loud or some of the other callers stop. Even a very weak off-frequency station bursts right through the other callers simply becuase (s)he is in the clear. After a while in my first stint of operating, Geoff passed me a note that he had a phone sked with W9JUV and K8ND in 10 minutes. I appreciated the relief from the cacophony of weak JAs. I had a nice chat with John and Jeff (sort of a fascinating story here; but, I’ll save that for later) after Geoff got up.

Later, I ask about the pile-ups. “Is it always like this, even during non-contest periods?” “Yes, ” he says, “you are so loud that they just call you. Back closer to solar max, we ran a multi-multi here and made 1000 QSOs the first hour. It’s unreal. The novelty of daily pileups wears off after a while. These days, I get a bigger kick out of keeping the station running.” Someone has to, that’s for sure. For it’s size, the station is a study in simplicity. Most of the coax routing is done with standard mechanical coax switches. There are only three (three more than Geoff would like, he tells me) rotators. But, with the salt air, corrosion is a continual problem.

Goose, W8AV, has been prodding me to join them for ARRL DX CW sometime. I’m definitely sold on it. It’s just a matter of time, permission, money, and AAdvantage miles now. Geoff said as he dropped me off at the airport in the morning, “You’re coming back for a contest now, right?” Right.

A note on PJ2/K8GU QSLs: I have received a handful of direct cards and my bureau sorter K8MFO always reminds me I’ll probably have a QSL rate of near 90%. I do plan to print cards this summer. But, I have to design them and buy them, yet. Thanks for your patience as I try to finish my degree and move! The first few cards will also receive a custom laser-engraved poker chip that I gave-out as favors during the work portion of this trip.

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Reading other peoples’ poetry

May 17th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
Mobile Carwash, San Juan, PR

Mobile Carwash, San Juan, PR

This entry is dedicated to my brother Seth, who recently bemoaned his declining creativity.

Seth makes a lot of interesting points about things that may or may not have affected his creativity—resource-poor, idea-rich; lack of peer pressure (this one is brilliant, by the way); risk-averse grown-up life; personal disorganization; time-poor; adverse affects of education; etc…

I would like to counter that none of these things necessarily impede thinking creatively, although they might impede acting on that thinking to various degrees. At some earlier point in my life, an English teacher proposed that in order to be a good poet, you had to read other peoples’ poetry. I scoffed at the idea at the time. After all, poets disregarded normal rules of communication. What did it matter that you read anyone else’s work?

It turns out that it matters a great deal. Poetry forces you think about things in a different way. For me, the idea of poetry is fascinating: a “word bargain,” as another teacher once described it. But, have you ever read poetry? It’s like medicine: it might be good for you but they can’t hide the true flavor. I digress. The good news for scientists, engineers, designers, tinkerers, and people who just don’t read, is that we are surrounded by wonderful poetry written on everything we see and do. We must merely notice it and read it.

Carry a notebook, carry a camera, look with a critical and curious eye…

Are you reading other peoples’ poetry?

About the photograph: A mobile carwash system at Parque Barbosa in subbarrio Ocean Park, barrio Santurce, San Juan, PR. The red van contains a large polyethylene water tank and a pump. What problems does this solve? Create? Note locally-available materials. Definitely OPP.

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Dissection

May 11th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
DBS Downconverter

DBS Downconverter

I found an old satellite TV downconverter in the garage today. It drew me in and compelled me to disassemble it. One of the wonderful aspects of microwave circuits is that classical layout strategies persist. This board has a single layer of traces over a ground plane: everything is laid-out in one plane, quite visible and tangible (perfect for learning, I might add). The waveguide that feeds the antenna has two probes that bring the signal onto the board. You can see the I and Q channels and their respective LNA stages, the dielectric resonator oscillator in the center of the board, hairpin filters, mixers, bias lines and matching sections. Beautiful.

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Automatic

February 21st, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope

The oscilloscope autoscale button is a perpetual headache for teaching staff in the Senior Design Laboratory.  Students often think they have a funny-looking signal, when in reality they’re just amplifying noise and something else is wrong with their circuit or measurement.  Why?  The autoscale adjustment reports the timebase and channel amplification/scale data in a corner of the display, not through intervention by the operator.  Is this bad ID?  Or, just poor ID for learners?  What mental models do the students have of digital oscilloscopes versus analog ones?

Where do we draw the line between automatic and manual in engineering education, between historical and cutting-edge?  How important is it to understand a measurement versus knowing how to make a measurement?  Should students learn on analog oscilloscopes so they understand the functions of a digital oscilloscope?  Should we teach the Smith Chart despite the fact that nobody uses them as calculation tools anymore?  Yet, they are one of the most common ways to present impedance information in datasheets and on network analyzers.

Engineering is causal.  History matters.

» Read more: Automatic

Resume of a Master Dumpster Diver: the Early Years

February 21st, 2009 by k8gu 1 comment »
Dumpster

Dumpster

With transition imminent in our lives, I have begun packing up some of my things that I don’t use much right now. It’ll save some time and headaches when we finally figure out where we’re going and begin the moving process. Coincidentally, my good friend Matt recently moved cross-country and elected to dispatch the majority of his tinkering resources via Craigslist. You see, Matt and I share a common vice: we are master dumpster divers.

I was reminded of this reality as I have been trying to center myself with respect to what’s important in life last week week. I have a lot of stuff, frankly, an embarassing amount of stuff. And, although I use a surprising amount of it, I really don’t need it. But, this post is about collecting the stuff, not getting rid of it. I’ll save that for a later post.

As I began sifting through some of the goodies tonight, a confluence of thoughts began to swirl in my head. I’ve had resumes and vitae on my mind for quite a few months now since I’ve been looking for employment (if you hire engineers or scientists, particularly for RF/signal processing/remote sensing/upper atmospheric/space research and development, I’m your man). And, I was poking through the rubble of my home “office,” which is actually my office, hamshack, and workshop, plus Sarah’s desk and books and the place that Sarah and I cram stuff into when company comes. Suddenly, it hit me: my entire resume can be read through my collection of odds and ends.

Dumpster diving, to borrow the analogy from Nelson Muntz, is like “kicking butt” in the sense that it might not involve any kicking at all. Likewise, you have to get to the stuff before it gets to the dumpster. This is the first rule of dumpster diving: Know who to ask, how to ask, and when to ask. The second rule is don’t get greedy. I learned both of these rules at a tender young age.

You see, the house I lived in between the ages of three and nine was next to the Village of Millersburg’s street department garage. Of course, this was a great boon for a child of my age to see all of the equipment and workers coming and going. Mom and Dad may remember this story differently; but, this is my recollection.

Although I was fascinated by all aspects of construction work, the one thing that I obsessed over more than anything else was signage. Some kids are experts on dinosaurs, I was fascinated by road signs. I coveted the road sign poster on the wall at the BMV. Mom had inquired about obtaining one for me to no avail. The other thing I coveted was a road sign or two of my own. A friend had a stop sign in his room; but, I was looking for something more exotic, maybe a yield sign. My poor mother worked some connection she had at the Street Department to get a discarded sign. She told me that we could go down to the sign depot and pick one out in the morning, which was probably a mistake.

I rose particularly early the next morning and, after locating the sign depot, collected a few signs for myself. When you’re a kid, street signs don’t look big and heavy on their posts. But, when you get up close, they rival your personal geometry. So, I left a trail of signs I couldn’t carry back up to the house. I don’t remember the details of what happened next, other than that we had to return all of the signs and get “approved” ones. I hope somebody thought it was funny; goodness knows I learned a lesson that day about the difference between dumpster diving and theft of city property.

A few years later, Mom had an antique dealer come through the barn behind the house and the signs caught his eye. She let him have them for a song. I was incensed at the time, although in retrospect, it was probably better to not profit too much on them.

The basement of the Inventor’s Hall of Fame once hosted an area where kids could dismantle old hardware. We were fortunate to visit when some racks of AT&T Long Lines hardware had been recently donated. I think I carried a half-dozen plastic sacks of relays, waveguide, transistors, meters, and other assemblies out of there that day. Although I have sifted through most of that by now, the juiciest pieces still remain in my inventory, ready for use. I still don’t think that the docents knew what hit them when the budding master dumpster diver rolled in.

Although I dabbled off and on in the barter of used electronics and such in high school, the dumpster diving began in earnest again in college, where I met guys who weren’t afraid to actually climb into real dumpsters to fish things out. Those were good times. Most of the stuff we pulled out of the dumpsters was building materials, which we used to spruce up our living spaces. Blocks from a demolished (the Young Building of Philosophy and Relgion, a grievous sin against architecture and HVAC) academic building allowed us to put an “upper deck” couch behind the regular couch in our apartment for stadium seating. This was great for watching movies, or at least watching my roommates play Mario Kart 64 with their pharmacy notes on their laps…right.

One of the other great successes was DuddiNet and the Tower of Power. I dragged an 8-foot relay rack (rescued from the scrap heap at a summer job) into my dorm room and filled it full of computers and networking equipment. I asked the university IT people if they had any leftover rolls of CAT5 cable and they gave me as much as I wanted. We pulled our own network in the dorm. At that time, the dorms were 10baseT with hubs. So, it was a real bottleneck if you wanted to move some data (use your imagination here) around. We put in a private switched 100baseT network that connected four rooms on two floors.

In more recent years, I’ve scored some terrific stuff just by paying attention when spaces are being cleaned-up. For instance, that’s how I got my HP vector voltmeter and my oscilloscope. And, indirectly, through Dad, it’s how I got some more Greenlee punches and a set of metal-marking stamps. Anyhow, in order to protect “sources and methods,” I’ll decline from disclosing too many details about my more recent activities…I haven’t swiped anything from a forbidden dumpster, though. Promise.

» Read more: Resume of a Master Dumpster Diver: the Early Years

Contest Blues

January 18th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »

I got on for the CW version of the North American QSO Party last weekend for about 45 minutes.  I did all S&P, although some of it was the fatiguing two-radio S&P.  For some reason, it wasn’t the same for me as it was last year.  Maybe it’s because I didn’t prepare much in advance.  Or perhaps it’s the fact that my favorite 930 is dead.  Shoot, it could be that I’ve patched my antennas so many times that they’ve changed SWR minima from the CW end to the phone end of the bands!  Whatever it was, I didn’t feel the rush of the contest this time.

During SS CW, I suspected that this moment might be coming.  Am I getting old?  Tired?  Lazy?  Or just disinterested.  I don’t know.  Maybe some sunspots would help?  Maybe I should liquidate all of my aging hardware to buy a K3 or an MP and tickets to the Caribbean in February and November?

Perhaps it’s a more personal thing.  Why spend so much money on something that takes me away from my family (wife right now)?  Certainly, it is a social event among friends to get on the air and make some noise.  But, I can do that with one radio and a wire in the trees.  Do I need to keep the KT-34XA’s I plan to stack?  The T2X to turn one of them?  The 402BA-S?  Will I ever be able to spend what it takes to put up a tower that can hold that stuff with a clear conscience?  I used to look forward to having a dominating signal and pushing the state of the art in receiving.  I’m not sure any of that is too important to me today.

I think I’ll wait to see where we land next year before I make any decisions.  But, I may be cutting back.

» Read more: Contest Blues

Outliers

January 18th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
Outliers

Outliers

The astute follower of my blog (Does such a person exist?) has no doubt discovered that I recently finished reading Malcolm Gladwell’s book “Outliers.” I was quite keen to read it after having read “The Tipping Point” and “Blink” previously. Although it was released in November, Sarah and I finally got our hands on a copy during a recent trip to the library.

Gladwell is a good storyteller and, like the two before, this book is quite compelling. But, for the first time, I was left wondering, “Has anyone written a critical rebuttal to any of his books?” Maybe I’m resisting some of the stereotypes he makes. Perhaps the greatest one is the young man brushed aside by his professors. I was indignant that a university, or in this case, two universities, would casually let someone apparently so bright, fall between the cracks for such trivialities as re-arranging a course schedule. I suppose this has to do with building prior rapport with the faculty, which is related to Gladwell’s point that middle- and upper-class children are frequently brought up to engage authorities to shape their relationships. But, I digress.

The other point that I hope is not lost in the talk of lucky breaks and heritage is the idea that success comes from hard work. Opportunities seized produce success.

When I worked in the cleanroom at Minnesota, I remember one of the other members of my research group telling about the dogged determination of some of the other students. They would produce failure after failure until they got something working. This sort of Edisonian tenacity is highly-prized in Asian cultures. In fact, when I was interviewing with some potential faculty advisors at Illinois, Milton Feng told me, “Ah, you are a country boy. I like farm kids. They work hard.”

How do we structure our learning environments to make hard work a joy? Math, science, and engineering are learned, much like everything else as Gladwell argues, by putting your time in. Certainly, there are some things like birthday cut-offs and population trends, that we have less control over. But, we can make ourselves and our students more successful by making the journey more rewarding and interactive while retaining the rigor that invites exploration and hard work. Can we reach out to talented students whose background differs from the “successful norm”?

The verdict: it’s a thought-provoking book interwoven with enough subtly obvious ideas to help you feel good about your understanding and what he’s saying. I would love to see an equally well-written rebuttal, though.

» Read more: Outliers

365 Photographs

January 14th, 2009 by k8gu No comments »
Vanity Plate

Vanity Plate

For those who read this via RSS, you’ve probably missed the new sidebar on the web site.  I’m endeavoring to carry a camera with me almost wherever I go this year.  You never known when a great opportunity for a snapshot or photograph will occur.  I have decided to post one photograph per day in 2009, taken on that day when possible.  These photos are hosted at home for now:  http://365.esmx.net/365/

You can subscribe to them via RSS by pasting the following feed into your reader:  http://365.esmx.net/365/rss.xml I build the posts and feed statically (and off-line) using two Perl scripts to reduce the processing requirements on my embedded server at home.

If you read these blog posts as Facebook notes, please consider subscribing via RSS since Facebook only lets me syndicate one personal RSS feed.  I plan to switch the feed from the blog to the photos soon, maybe tomorrow.

» Read more: 365 Photographs